Layout Topics

1. EMIR
2. Antenna
3. LUP
4. WPE,STI, LOD
5. ESD
6. Matching
7. Cross talk/shielding 
8. 2nd order effects. 



topics:
A.Fabrication process **
B. MOSFET (working of pmos/nmos) **
C. device basics (cross section,nmos,pmos,lvt,ulvt,cap,varactor,resistor,)
D. Bsics of semiconductor.  **


1.Draw top view or layout view of a pmos and nmos using all layer ( all layer is  important).
2.Draw the cross section of pmos and nmos.
3.Why you connect the bulk of pmos to power and nmos to ground?
4.Resistor and type of resistor (in the term of layout).
5.capacitor and types of capacitor (in the term of layout).
6.Explain working of enhancement mosfet.( why we are using this)
7.What is self alignment technique?
8.What is matching, how many types of matching? (explain ) [Including Current mirrors and Diff pair etc....]**
9.What steps and care you take to avoid mismatch? 
10.What is shielding and how many types of shielding? [Critical signal routing like CLKS, Shielding, Ref signals etc...] **
11.What is electro migration [EM] and how to fix?**
12.What is IR drop and how to fix?
13.What is Antenna effect and how to fix antenna error?**
14.LUP and how to fix?
15.What is sheet resistance?
16.What is Nwell-proximity?
17.Define STI and LOD.
18.What is Deep- Nwell, why we use this layer?
19.Why we add dummy side by side why top and bottom dummy is not required?**
20.What is parasitic and noise?
21.schematic of NAND and NOR.
22.As a layout designer what all thing you take care for analog circuit like op-amp etc.
23.ESD protection
24.Second order effects 
25.LVS,DRC,DFM,ERC






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